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A torque converter in modern usage, is commonly a fluid coupling that is utilized to be able to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, for example an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. Similar to a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque if there is a significant difference between output and input rotational speed.
The most common kind of torque converter utilized in automobile transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. In the 1920s there was even the Constantinesco or likewise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are different mechanical designs for constantly changeable transmissions that have the ability to multiply torque. For example, the Variomatic is one version which has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive that is incapable of multiplying torque. A torque converter has an added component that is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
In a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating parts: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Traditionally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whichever situation and this is where the word stator begins from. In point of fact, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
Modifications to the basic three element design have been integrated sometimes. These adjustments have proven worthy especially in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is required. More often than not, these alterations have taken the form of multiple turbines and stators. Every set has been intended to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several instances consist of the Dynaflow which uses a five element converter so as to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Even though it is not strictly a component of classic torque converter design, different automotive converters comprise a lock-up clutch to be able to reduce heat and so as to enhance cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
