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The base of the tower crane is generally bolted to a large concrete pad which provides very crucial support. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Normally, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
Usually, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used in order to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or 70 meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially due to their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure needs to be brought to the construction location by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. After that, these sections are attached to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be a few of the other industrial machinery that is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional twenty feet or 6.1m. Next, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
Operating a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Prior to utilizing the equipment, carry out a pre-shift check. OSHA guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists need to be carried out each day or each shift. Each different machinery as well as its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, lights, emergency brakes, horn, controls and safety features.
2 When starting up the machine and check the controls, it is vital to make certain that the seatbelt is fixed firmly and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look underneath the machinery after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of each type of forklift is different.
3 The basic operation of a vehicle is basically as opposed to a standard motor vehicle. The forklift has a rear end swing of the forklift happens as the truck steers utilizing its rear wheels. Forgetting this fact is a main cause of injuries and accidents to employees. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels should be made with great caution. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or transporting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 When traveling, keep the forks near the ground and use care when approaching loads. Make sure that the forks line up with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is needed, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is so big that it interferes with the vision of the driver.
5 Before loading and unloading, check the wheels on trailers/trucks. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on inclines. The machine is prone to tip-overs on a slope. When driving on a slope is necessary, always drive up the slope and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The forklift driver must always be in firm control at all times. Tipping over is the primary cause of operator injuries. The operator should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
